Vollmer, W., Blanot, D. & De Pedro, M. A. Peptidoglycan structure and architecture. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 32, 149–167 (2008). Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Albers, S.-V. & Meyer, B. H. The archaeal cell envelope. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 9, 414–426 (2011). Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Kandler, O. Zellwandstrukturen bei Methan-Bakterien. Naturwissenschaften 66, 95–105 (1979). Article ADS CAS Google Scholar König, H., Kralik, R. & Kandler, O. Structure and modifications of pseudomurein in Methanobacleriales. Zentralblatt Für Bakteriol. Mikrobiol. Hyg. Abt Orig. C. 3, 179–191 (1982). Google Scholar König, H., Kandler, O., Jensen, M. & Rietschel, E. T. The primary structure of the glycan moiety of pseudomurein from Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum. Hoppe. Seylers Z. Physiol. Chem. 364, 627–636 (1983). Article PubMed Google Scholar König, H. & Kandler, O. The amino acid sequence of the peptide moiety of the pseudomurein from Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum. Arch. Microbiol. 121, 271–275 (1979). Article PubMed Google Scholar Kandler, O. & König, H. Chemical composition of the peptidoglycan-free cell walls of methanogenic bacteria. Arch. Microbiol. 118, 141–152 (1978). Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar König, H. & Kandler, O. N-Acetyltalosaminuronic acid a constituent of the pseudomurein of the genus Methanobacterium. Arch. Microbiol. 123, 295–299 (1979). Article Google Scholar Borrel, G., Brugère, J.-F., Gribaldo, S., Schmitz, R. A. & Moissl-Eichinger, C. The host-associated archaeome. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 18, 622–636 (2020). Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Hook, S. E., Wright, A.-D. G. & McBride, B. W. Methanogens: methane producers of the rumen and mitigation strategies. Archaea 2010, 945785 (2010). Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Hoegenauer, C., Hammer, H. F., Mahnert, A. & Moissl-Eichinger, C. Methanogenic archaea in the human gastrointestinal tract. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 19, 805–813 (2022). Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Claus, H. & König, H. in Prokaryotic Cell Wall Compounds: Structure and Biochemistry (eds. König, H. et al.) 231–251 (Springer, 2010). Alvarez, L., Cordier, B., Van Teeffelen, S. & Cava, F. Analysis of Gram-negative bacteria peptidoglycan by ultra-performance liquid chromatography. Bio-Protoc. 10, e3780 (2020). Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Patel, A. V. et al. PGFinder, a novel analysis pipeline for the consistent, reproducible, and high-resolution structural analysis of bacterial peptidoglycans. eLife 10, e70597 (2021). Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Luo, Y., Pfister, P., Leisinger, T. & Wasserfallen, A. The genome of archaeal prophage PsiM100 encodes the lytic enzyme responsible for autolysis of Methanothermobacter wolfeii. J. Bacteriol. 183, 5788–5792 (2001). Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Pfister, P., Wasserfallen, A., Stettler, R. & Leisinger, T. Molecular analysis of Methanobacterium phage psiM2. Mol. Microbiol. 30, 233–244 (1998). Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Leahy, S. C. et al. The genome sequence of the rumen methanogen Methanobrevibacter ruminantium reveals new possibilities for controlling ruminant methane emissions. PLoS One 5, e8926 (2010). Article ADS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Luo, Y., Pfister, P., Leisinger, T. & Wasserfallen, A. Pseudomurein endoisopeptidases PeiW and PeiP, two moderately related members of a novel family of proteases produced in Methanothermobacter strains. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 208, 47–51 (2002). Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Weinberger, V. et al. Expanding the cultivable human archaeome: Methanobrevibacter intestini sp. nov. and strain Methanobrevibacter smithii ‘GRAZ-2’ from human faeces. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 75, 006751 (2025). Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Turner, R. D. et al. Peptidoglycan architecture can specify division planes in Staphylococcus aureus. Nat. Commun. 1, 26 (2010). Article ADS PubMed Google Scholar Wheeler, R., Mesnage, S., Boneca, I. G., Hobbs, J. K. & Foster, S. J. Super-resolution microscopy reveals cell wall dynamics and peptidoglycan architecture in ovococcal bacteria. Mol. Microbiol. 82, 1096–1109 (2011). Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Blackman, S. A., Smith, T. J. & Foster, S. J. The role of autolysins during vegetative growth of Bacillus subtilis 168. Microbiology 144, 73–82 (1998). Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Guo, L. et al. Insights into the catalytic mechanism of archaeal peptidoglycan endoisopeptidases from methanogenic phages. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 296, 139672 (2025). Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Makarova, K. S., Aravind, L. & Koonin, E. V. A superfamily of archaeal, bacterial, and eukaryotic proteins homologous to animal transglutaminases. Protein Sci. Publ. Protein Soc. 8, 1714–1719 (1999). Article CAS Google Scholar Xu, N., Huang, Z. H., de Jonge, B. L. & Gage, D. A. Structural characterization of peptidoglycan muropeptides by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry and postsource decay analysis. Anal. Biochem. 248, 7–14 (1997). Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Glauner, B., Höltje, J. V. & Schwarz, U. The composition of the murein of Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem. 263, 10088–10095 (1988). Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Petitjean, C., Deschamps, P., López-García, P., Moreira, D. & Brochier-Armanet, C. Extending the conserved phylogenetic core of archaea disentangles the evolution of the third domain of life. Mol. Biol. Evol. 32, 1242–1254 (2015). Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Schleifer, K. H. & Kandler, O. Peptidoglycan types of bacterial cell walls and their taxonomic implications. Bacteriol. Rev. 36, 407–477 (1972). Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Baquero, D. P. et al. Stable coexistence between an archaeal virus and the dominant methanogen of the human gut. Nat. Commun. 15, 7702 (2024). Article ADS CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Medvedeva, S., Borrel, G., Krupovic, M. & Gribaldo, S. A compendium of viruses from methanogenic archaea reveals their diversity and adaptations to the gut environment. Nat. Microbiol. 8, 2170–2182 (2023). Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Vollmer, W., Joris, B., Charlier, P. & Foster, S. Bacterial peptidoglycan (murein) hydrolases. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 32, 259–286 (2008). Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Sham, L.-T., Barendt, S. M., Kopecky, K. E. & Winkler, M. E. Essential PcsB putative peptidoglycan hydrolase interacts with the essential FtsXSpn cell division protein in Streptococcus pneumoniae D39. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 108, E1061–1069 (2011). Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Bartual, S. G. et al. Structural basis of PcsB-mediated cell separation in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Nat. Commun. 5, 3842 (2014). Article ADS CAS PubMed Google Scholar Fink, C. et al. The targeted deletion of genes responsible for expression of the mth60 fimbriae leads to loss of cell-cell connections in Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus ΔH. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 89, e00575-23 (2023). Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Zeikus, J. G. & Wolfe, R. S. Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicus sp. n., an anaerobic, autotrophic, extreme thermophile. J. Bacteriol. 109, 707–715 (1972). Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Wilson, S. A., Tank, R. K. J., Hobbs, J. K., Foster, S. J. & Garner, E. C. An exhaustive multiple knockout approach to understanding cell wall hydrolase function in Bacillus subtilis. mBio. 14, e0176023 (2023). Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Rajguru, V., Chatterjee, S., Garde, S. & Reddy, M. Crosslink cleaving enzymes: the smart autolysins that remodel the bacterial cell wall. Trends Microbiol. 32, 494–506 (2024). Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Egan, A. J. F., Errington, J. & Vollmer, W. Regulation of peptidoglycan synthesis and remodelling. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 18, 446–460 (2020). Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Pende, N. et al. SepF is the FtsZ anchor in archaea, with features of an ancestral cell division system. Nat. Commun. 12, 3214 (2021). Article ADS CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Ithurbide, S., Gribaldo, S., Albers, S.-V. & Pende, N. Spotlight on FtsZ-based cell division in Archaea. Trends Microbiol. 30, 665–678 (2022). Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar van Wolferen, M., Pulschen, A. A., Baum, B., Gribaldo, S. & Albers, S.-V. The cell biology of archaea. Nat. Microbiol. 7, 1744–1755 (2022). Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Rohs, P. D. A. & Bernhardt, T. G. Growth and division of the peptidoglycan matrix. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 75, 315–336 (2021). Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Garcia, P. S., Gribaldo, S. & Borrel, G. Diversity and evolution of methane-related pathways in archaea. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 76, 727–755 (2022). Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Bonin, A. S. & Boone, D. R. in The Prokaryotes (eds. Dworkin, M. et al.) 231–243 (Springer, 2006). Thomas, C. M., Desmond-Le Quéméner, E., Gribaldo, S. & Borrel, G. Factors shaping the abundance and diversity of the gut archaeome across the animal kingdom. Nat. Commun. 13, 3358 (2022). Article ADS CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Pfeifer, K. et al. Archaea biotechnology. Biotechnol. Adv. 47, 107668 (2021). Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Wheeler, R., Veyrier, F., Werts, C. & Boneca, I. G. Peptidoglycan and Nod receptor. In Glycoscience: Biology and Medicine 737–747 (Springer Japan, Tokyo, 2015). Mistry, J. et al. Pfam: the protein families database in 2021. Nucleic Acids Res. 49, D412–D419 (2021). Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Yu, N. Y. et al. PSORTb 3.0: improved protein subcellular localization prediction with refined localization subcategories and predictive capabilities for all prokaryotes. Bioinformatics 26, 1608–1615 (2010). Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Vranken, W. F. et al. The CCPN data model for NMR spectroscopy: development of a software pipeline. Proteins 59, 687–696 (2005). Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Johnson, L. S., Eddy, S. R. & Portugaly, E. Hidden Markov model speed heuristic and iterative HMM search procedure. BMC Bioinf. 11, 431 (2010). Article Google Scholar Katoh, K. & Standley, D. M. MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability. Mol. Biol. Evol. 30, 772–780 (2013). Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Criscuolo, A. & Gribaldo, S. BMGE (block mapping and gathering with entropy): a new software for selection of phylogenetic informative regions from multiple sequence alignments. BMC Evol. Biol. 10, 210 (2010). Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Nguyen, L.-T., Schmidt, H. A., von Haeseler, A. & Minh, B. Q. IQ-TREE: a fast and effective stochastic algorithm for estimating maximum-likelihood phylogenies. Mol. Biol. Evol. 32, 268–274 (2015). Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Kalyaanamoorthy, S., Minh, B. Q., Wong, T. K. F., von Haeseler, A. & Jermiin, L. S. ModelFinder: fast model selection for accurate phylogenetic estimates. Nat. Methods 14, 587–589 (2017). Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Hoang, D. T., Chernomor, O., von Haeseler, A., Minh, B. Q. & Vinh, L. S. UFBoot2: improving the ultrafast bootstrap approximation. Mol. Biol. Evol. 35, 518–522 (2018). Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Capella-Gutiérrez, S., Silla-Martínez, J. M. & Gabaldón, T. trimAl: a tool for automated alignment trimming in large-scale phylogenetic analyses. Bioinformatics 25, 1972–1973 (2009). Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Minh, B. Q. et al. IQ-TREE 2: new models and efficient methods for phylogenetic inference in the genomic era. Mol. Biol. Evol. 37, 1530–1534 (2020). Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Letunic, I. & Bork, P. Interactive Tree Of Life (iTOL) v5: an online tool for phylogenetic tree display and annotation. Nucleic Acids Res. 49, W293–W296 (2021). Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Source link Post navigation Reference genomes and fossils revise bat family phylogeny and biogeography – Nature ¿La respuesta de Meta a ‘The Meta Creep’? Gafas inteligentes sin cámara